Chickpea. The pea plant is an annual sticky herb till 1.64 feet tall.Stems slender, pubescent and branchy. 1968. The name Cicer is of Latin origin, derived from the Greek word 'kikus' meaning force or strength. http://www.croptrust.org/documents/web/CicerStrategy_FINAL_2Dec08.pdf. 1. Chickpea is the cultivated legume, Cicer arietinum (L.). Choumane W, Baum M. 2000. Chickpea is valued for its nutritive seeds with high protein content, 25.3-28.9 %, after dehulling (Hulse, 1991). Chickpea is considered the third most important pulse in the world, being widely grown in many subtropical and warm-temperate regions. CABI, Wallingford, UK. 47.90.41.43. Other names for this crop of Neolithic southwest Asian origin include garbanzo bean in the Americas, hamaz in Arabic countries, nohud or lablabi in Turkey, shimbra in Ethiopia, and bengal gram or chana in India (Redden & Berger 2007: 9). 246-250. Chickpea is the third most important pulse in the world (after beans and peas). It is the only cultivated pulse from the tribe Cicereae (Family Fabaceae). 2.2 Geographical Origin and Distribution Chickpea is one of the earliest grown grain legume crop domesticated in the Old World at Tell el-Kerkh (10th millennium BC) in Syria, Cayönü (7,250 - 6,750 BC), Hacilar (ca 6,700 Annals of Agricultural Science (Cairo) 2:809–820. In: Ucko P, Dimbleby GW, editors. Vavilov NI. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Available from: Keywords: ascochyta blight, chickpea, It is cultivated on nearly every continent, but major traditional production is in India, Pakistan, Turkey, Myanmar, and Ethiopia. Chickpea is a species from genus Cicer (Singh and Diwakar, 1995) and is an old world pulse and the second most important legume crop consumed worldwide (Ladizinsky, 1975; Iqbal et al., 2010). In: Witcombe J.R., Erskine W. (eds) Genetic Resources and Their Exploitation â Chickpeas, Faba beans and Lentils. With topics covered including origin and taxonomy, ecology, distribution and genetics, this book combines the many and varied research issues impacting on production and utilization of the chickpea crop on its journey from paddock to plate. The origin of the kabuli form has been enigmatic. The presence of MAT1-2 isolates in both clusters suggests at least two independent introductions of MAT1-2 into Tunisia that are likely to be the result of importation and planting of infected chickpea seeds. In: Yadav SS, Redden R, Chen W, Sharma B, editors. and C. pinnatifidum Jaub. Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) is the world's fourth most widely grown pulse. The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It is grown and consumed in large quantities from South East Asia to India and in the Middle East and Mediterranean countries. Chickpeas were part of the culture that first developed farming on our planet, called the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period. Information was edited into a uniform format and uploaded onto this website, complemented with relevant photos and revised and validated by the crop experts. The high protein content makes it a perfect addition to cereals, as cereals... Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Chickpea probably originated from South East Turkey. 1987. Furthermore, various abiotic and biotic Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) is the world's second most cultivated food legume species, grown in over 14.5 million hectare in 2017, from the Mediterranean basin and West Asia to the Indian subcontinent, Eastern Africa, Australia, and North and South America. This legume is important as a protein source and cash crop and makes important component of the low input agricultural system of the country. It does not contain any specific major anti-nutritional or toxic factors often present in other legumes. Showing chickpea diversity (from left to right): Cicer arietinum, Cicer microphyllum and Cicer microphyllum Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is characterised by a different adaptation profile from the other crops of West Asian origin such as pea, barley, and wheat. 2005. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is among the founder crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent.One of two major forms of chickpea, the soâcalled kabuli type, has white flowers and lightâcolored seed coats, properties not known to exist in the wild progenitor. This chapter focuses on the history and origin of chickpea, with emphasis on domestication, evolution of crop types, centres of diversity and crop production. Proof of chickpea cultivation dates back as far as the early Bronze Age in Jericho (Hopf, 1969). b). The use of RAPD markers for characterization of annual species of the genus Cicer. Date accessed: 25 May 2009. Chickpea can be consumed cooked, baked, roasted, popped (like popcorn), stewed, or ground into flour (gram flour). It ranks second in area and third in production among the pulses worldwide. They have a bushy growth habit and blue-violet flowers. Purseglove JW. The following information must be recorded for each accession: Status [inside supply/external supply (GIMS)]. Based on seed size and shape, two main kinds of chickpea are recognized: The Desi types closer to the putative progenitor (C. reticulatum) found predominantly in India and Ethiopia, which have small, angular, coloured seeds and a rough coat. Global Crop Diversity Trust. ICARDA. Chickpea, annual plant of the pea family (Fabaceae), widely grown for its nutritious seeds. ... Area, production and distribution. Chickpea is an important grain legume of the semi arid tropics and warm temperate zones, and forms one of the major components of human diet. Davis and C. reticulatum Ladiz., the putative wild progenitor (Ladizinsky and Adler, 1976). This service is more advanced with JavaScript available. Data from these centres were reviewed and the best and adaptable practices were identified and compiled here. 48:197-204. Chickpea is the common name for an annual plant, Cicer ⦠The Chickpea. Rich., and 34 wild perennial Cicer species (Ahmad et al, 2005). Genetic relationships among the annual species of Cicer L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Their plants have a more erect grown habit and white flowers. It is cultivated on nearly every continent, but major traditional production is in India, Pakistan, Turkey, Myanmar, and Ethiopia. Leaves compound, provided with 3 to 8 pairs of leaflets oval, toothed, with a terminal leaflet.. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV; genus Mastrevirus, family Geminiviridae) is one of the most important legumeâinfecting viruses with a wide host range and geographic distribution in Africa and Asia.In Iran, CpCDV is common in chickpea (Cicer arietinum), but there is limited information about diversity and infections in plants of other legume species. ex A. Y1 - 1987. ; We genotyped a collection of wild and cultivated chickpea genotypes with 538 ⦠De Candolle (1882) considers the region between Greece and Himalayas as the probable origin, while Vavilov (1926) suggested Mediterranean and Southwest Asia as primary and Ethiopia to be secondary centres of origin. The wild version of chickpeas ( Cicer reticulatum) is only found in parts of what is today southeastern Turkey and adjacent Syria, and it is likely that it was first domesticated there, about 11,000 years ago. However, a narrow genetic base of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has hindered the progress in realizing high yield gains in breeding programs. Watch a great documentary on the importance of genetic diversity, land races and crop wild relatives, to the future of agriculture in the face of climate change and other challenges. There are different views on the origins of chickpea. Recording information during distribution . 1976. 100-113. It is also being used increasingly as a substitute for animal protein. chickpea (GIMS)]. Current genebank practices and accumulated experience were gathered from six other genebanks/institutions holding global/regional/national collections of chickpea germplasm, including ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria; NBPGR, New Delhi, India; SARC-RIPP, Piestany, Slovak Republic; Institute of Plant Genetic Resources ‘K.Malkov’, Sadovo, Bulgaria; Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia; and IPK, Gatersleben, Germany. Description of chickpea. 2008. Ladizinsky G, Adler A. Prospects for chickpea cropping are discussed. In: Fuccillo D, Sears L, Stapleton P, editors. Chickpeas are an important food plant in India, Africa, and Central and South America. Chickpea Breeding & Management. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is among the founder crops domesticated in the Fertile Cres-cent. pp 1-13. The origin, variation immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Flowers white, pink or purple, solitary in leaf axils. pp. Global strategy for the ex situ conservation of chickpea (Cicer L.) [online]. structure analyses of multilocus genotypes (MLGs) without regard to geographic origin of samples. He noticed that, like other grain legumes, The plant also plays an important role in farming systems, due to its efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation properties. Reference number [an auto generated reference number e.g. London: Duckworth. to the color of seed and geographic distribution, chickpea is grouped into two biotypes: Desi (Indian origin) and Kabuli (Mediterranean and Middle Eastern origin) while Kabuli cultivars have large seeds with white to cream colored seed coat, Desi cultivars have ⦠Chinese Center of origin Mediterranean Center ⢠Includes the borders of the Mediterranean Sea. Diversity of chickpea seeds (photo: ICARDA). The tertiary genepool (GP3), the most distantly related group, includes three annual wild Cicer species, C. yamashitae Kitam., C. chorassanicum (Bunge) Popov and C. cuneatum Hochst. Chickpea (En), Pois chiche (Fr); Cicer arietinum L. Production and distribution. Chickpea is a diploid and predominantly self-pollinated legume, but cross-pollination by insects sometimes occurs (Purseglove, 1968). It originated in southeastern Turkey (Ladizinsky 1975). Part of Springer Nature. Average annual chickpea area is >16,000 ha in each of the 23 most important chickpea-growing countries. Chickpea is a cool-season food legume grown mainly by small farmers in many parts of the world. Chronica Botanica, New York 13-1/ 6:26-38, 75-78 151 (1949-50). Hopf M. 1969. Primary center of origin- soybean, radish, orange, pear, millets, oats and Chinese cabbage. Cambridge University Press. & Spach (Tayyar and Waines, 1996). Contributors to this page: ICRISAT, Patancheru, India (Hari D Upadhyaya, Shivali Sharma, Cholenahalli L Laxmipathi Gowda, Dintyala Sastry, Sube Singh); NBPGR, New Delhi, India (Shyam Sharma); ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria (Ahmed Amri, Kenneth Street, Natalya Rukhkyan), SARC-RIPP, Piestany, Slovak Republic (Gabriela Antalikova); Institute of Plant Genetic Resources ‘K.Malkov’, Sadovo, Bulgaria (Siyka Stoyanova); Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia (Bob Redden); IPK, Gatersleben, Germany (Andreas Börner). 5.4 Marketing channels and distribution of costs and margins 22 5.5 Chickpea collection and distribution points 29 5.6 Quality characteristics of traded chickpea 30 5.7 Seasonal movements in prices 34 5.8 Determinants of chickpea prices 35 5.9 Availability of business services in chickpea ⦠London. The majority of the centres were following standard practices in managing their collections. A member of the pea and bean family (Leguminosae/Fabaceae), Cicer arietinum is one of 43 species in the genus Cicer. One of two major forms of chickpea, the so-called kabuli type, has white ï¬owers and light-colored seed coats, properties not known to exist in the wild progenitor. Ethiopia is one of the secondary centers of origin for chickpea where in 2016, over one million farmers produced the crop on 240,000 hectares of land with a total production of 450,000 Mt (CSA, 2017). TY - GEN. T1 - Origin, history and taxonomy of Chickpea. Singh KB, Pundir RPS, Robertson LD, van Rheene HA, Singh U, Kelley TJ, Rao PP, Johansen C, Saxena NP. Chickpeas are grown primarily in Montana (35 percent of total production), Washington (32 percent), Idaho (19 percent), and North Dakota (7 percent). This is a preview of subscription content, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014, Kerem, Z., S. Lev-Yadun, A. Gopher, P. Weinberg & S. Abbo, Lippi, M.M., C. Bellini, M. Morisecci & T. Gonelli, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2, Reference Module Humanities and Social Sciences, Ceramics: The Ibero-American Shipping Container, Chan: A Tropical Rain Forest Site in Belize, Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas (Washington 1987), Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage (1990), Charter for the Protection and Management of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (1996), Childe, Vere Gordon (Political and Social Archaeology), Children in Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology, Children in the Central and Western Mediterranean, Archaeology of. Cite this chapter as: van der Maesen L.J.G. The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals. Chickpea seeds are a primary source of dietary protein for humans, and chickpea cultivation contributes to biological nitrogen fixation in the soil, given its symbiotic relationship with rhizobia. Not logged in M3 - Conference paper. Africa Rice Center | Bioversity International | CIAT | CIMMYT | CIP | ICARDA | ICRISAT | IFPRI | IITA | ILRI | IRRI |, Genetic resources and genebank management, Pre-breeding for Effective Use of Plant Genetic Resources, Spatial Analysis of Plant Diversity and Distribution, In vitro conservation and cryopreservation, Rice seeds from arrival at IRRI to departure, Institute of Plant Genetic Resources ‘K.Malkov’, http://www.croptrust.org/documents/web/CicerStrategy_FINAL_2Dec08.pdf. Davis and C. reticulatum Ladiz., the next closest group, consists of three annual wild Cicer species C.. To chickpea and its wild Relatives are perennials and the best and adaptable practices were and... Route ( Singh et al, 1997 ) flowers white, pink or purple, in. Source of protein in the dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria geographic origin of the pea is! Early Bronze Age in Jericho ( Hopf, 1969 ) a relatively importance... Northern Persia Turkey ( Ladizinsky and Adler, 1976 ) an important plant... 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