Secretary of war under Presidents Lincoln and Johnson, he advocated for stronger measures against the South during Reconstruction, particularly after widespread violence against African Americans erupted in the region. He co-sponsored the Wade-Davis Bill in 1864, which required 50 percent of the registered voters of a southern state to take a loyalty oath as a precondition for restoration to the Union, rather than the 10 percent proposed by Lincoln. Union League: Reconstruction-Era African American organization that worked to educate Southern blacks about civic life, built black schools and churches, and represented African American interests before government and employers. In History. The derisive term reflected the anti-expansionist sentiments of most Americans immediately after the Civil War. a U.S. organization of both working class and more well-off women formed in 1903 to support the efforts of women to organize labor unions and to eliminate sweatshop conditions. What did the progressives fight against mainly? As nouns the difference between union and league is that union is (countable) the act of uniting or joining two or more things into one while league is a group or association of cooperating members or league can be (measurement) the distance that a person can walk in one hour, commonly taken to be approximately three english miles (about five kilometers). 29 (M) APUSH Review Session, MPR, 7:30-8:30AM and 3:30-5PM. MENU. APUSH Women's Timeline Timeline created by Godfrey_William. Founded in 1903, the WTUL proved remarkably successful in uniting women from all classes to work toward better, fairer working conditions. Rose Schneiderman (April 6, 1882 – August 11, 1972) was a Polish-born American socialist and feminist, and one of the most prominent female labor Reflected divisions between Congress and the President, and between radical and moderate Republicans, over the treatment of the defeated South. International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union. Posted by u/[deleted] 6 years ago. League of Women Voters. Home; Chapters People To Know . Union League Reconstruction-Era African American organization that worked to educate Southern blacks about civic life, built black schools and churches, and represented African American interests before government and employers. The League also built black churches and schools, represented black grievances before local employers and governments, and recruited militias to protect black communities from white retaliation. b. provide them with relief payments until the Freedmen’s Bureau was established. Much to the disgust of Radical Republicans in Congress, he, a Democrat, took a conciliatory approach to the South during Reconstruction, granting sweeping pardons to former Confederates and supporting Southern Black Codes against freedmen. (pages 409-412) Harriet Beecher Stowe/Uncle Tom’s Cabin Hinton R. Helper/The Impending Crisis of the South I can explain how and why “bleeding Kansas” became a dress rehearsal for the Civil War. Two thousand African-Americans occupied public offices during Reconstruction. Contact Head Office, Show Room . Laws passed throughout the South to restrict the rights of emancipated blacks, particularly with respect to negotiating labor contracts. Study the cultural, economic, political, and social developments that have shaped the United States from c. 1491 to the present. e. protect them from the Ku Klux Klan. Subject. Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt. Helped organize the "Uprising of 20,000" Leader of the New York City branch of the Women's Trade Union League, a national labor organization. Aboukhadijeh, Feross. Rugby Union & League. Blacks in the South relied on the Union League to a. help them escape to the North during the Civil War. Redeemers - Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South. b. provide them with relief payments until the Freedmen’s Bureau was established. Created to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, education and legal support. Muller v. Oregon d. gain admittance to the Union Army. Benjamin Franklin. o Prominent Repub killed, including white state governor, black Union League organizer, cut throat, hanged, tortured at night. Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) prohibiting combinations that restrained competition. Objectives. In it, blacks were informed of their civic duties, built churches, pushed for Republican candidates in elections, sought to solve problems, and even recruited a black militia for defense. Our Stock Range. 19-23 Key Terms. An extremist, paramilitary, right-wing secret society founded in the mid nineteenth century and revived during the 1920s. Chapter 2: The Planting of English America, 1500-1733, Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619-1700, Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth Century, 1607-1692, Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution, 1700-1775, Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution, 1763-1775, Chapter 8: America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783, Chapter 9: The Confederation and the Constitution, 1776-1790, Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800, Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism, 1812-1824, Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy, 1824-1840, Chapter 14: Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860, Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860, Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860, Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy, 1841-1848, Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848-1854, Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854-1861, Chapter 20: Girding for War - The North and the South, 1861-1865, Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War, 1861-1865, Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, Chapter 23: Paralysis of Politics in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896, Chapter 24: Industry Comes of Age, 1865-1900, Chapter 25: America Moves to the City, 1865-1900, Chapter 26: The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865-1896, Chapter 27: The Path of Empire, 1890-1899, Chapter 28: America on the World Stage, 1899-1909, Chapter 29: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt, 1901-1912, Chapter 30: Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad, 1912-1916, Chapter 31: The War to End War, 1917-1918, Chapter 32: American Life in the “Roaring Twenties,” 1919-1929, Chapter 33: The Politics of Boom and Bust, 1920-1932, Chapter 34: The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1933-1939, Chapter 35: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War, 1933-1941, Chapter 36: America in World War II: 1941-1945, Chapter 37: The Cold War Begins, 1945-1952, Chapter 38: The Eisenhower Era, 1952-1960, Chapter 39: The Stormy Sixties, 1960-1968, Chapter 40: The Stalemated Seventies, 1968-1980, Chapter 41: The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1980-2000. It was organized as a coalition of working-class women, professional reformers, and women from wealthy and prominent families. Apush Unit 4 Answers questionWhat did nineteenth-century American expansionists mean by the term Manifest Destiny? Civil War Era case in which the Supreme Court ruled that military tribunals could not be used to try civilians if civil courts were open. Acquitted by the Senate, he remained in office to serve out his term. \ APUSH Ch. Chapter 28. APUSH Labor Union Review - APUSH Labor Union Review Labor Union Organizations Shoemakers in PA (1790 s) Mechanics Union (1820 s) Molly Maguire's in PA (1860 s) Freemasons (1700 s ... | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view . APUSH – Women in American History Jigsaw. Sign up here. In U.S., 500,000 perish. APUSH - American Pageant - Ch 28; Shared Flashcard Set. The League also built black churches and schools, represented black grievances before local employers and governments, and recruited militias to protect black communities from white retaliation. Freedmen. He was the first African-American senator, elected in 1870 to the Mississippi seat previously occupied by Jefferson Davis. He later founded and served as president of Howard University, an institution aimed at educating African American students. 6. organize organizations like the Union League, a biracial secret fraternal order that functioned as a powerful political club to uphold justice to freedmen. APUSH Women's Timeline Timeline created by Godfrey_William. As written documents, the state constitutions were intended to represent a fundamental law superior to ordinary legislation. As well, they campaigned against the conditions within sweat shops presented in muckraker news. Title IX. Home Page \ Free Flashcards Online \ Test Answers on History \ Test Answers on apush history \ Apush … Popular term for Secretary of State William Seward's purchase of Alaska from Russia. o Courts didn’t prosecute anyone for crimes; local papes charged blacks and radicals committed to plans. APUSH Period 5: Government Policies during the Civil War April 17, 2020. What should be done with the captured Confederate ringleaders (all liable of treason)? The famous Union League of Philadelphia building on Broad Street in center city Philadelphia, south of City Hall was built in 1865, and is designed in the Victorian style. In 1868, he was impeached by the House of Representatives for breaching the Tenure of Office Act. Blacks and the Meaning of Freedom 1. It became a network of political clubs that educated members in their civic duties and campaigned for republican candidates. Blacks began to organize politically, and their main vehicle was the Union League. APUSH LABOR UNION REVIEW Gilded Age and Rise of National Labor Unions (1860s-1900) - Second Industrial Revolution resulted in economic expansion and developments of industries - Owners thrived with monopolies, cheap labor, limited regulation leading to the robber barons - In response to cheap wages, poor working conditions, and unfair business practices, labor unions began organizing on a national level National Labor Union … Unique Heroes Recruit heroes by completing the stage mode. In History. Women’s Trade Union League. Later, as one of Lincoln's closest advisers, he helped handle the difficult tasks of keeping European nations out of the Civil War. Jan 1, 1450. APUSH Ch. StudyNotes offers fast, free study tools for AP students. Close. Freedmen turned the Union League into a network of political clubs that educated members and campaigned for Republican candidates. Born to free black parents in North Carolina, he worked as a minister throughout the South before entering politics. Johnson’s impeachment. Black men such as Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce even held political office; The South was upset at the success of the blacks, and their government was extremely corrupt He is best known, however, for negotiating the purchase of Alaska, dubbed "Seward's Folly" by expansion-weary opponents of the deal. Davis was temporarily clapped into irons during the early days of his two-year imprisonment but he and his “conspirators” were finally release, partly because the odds were that no Virginia jury would convict them of the charge of treason, All rebel leaders were finally pardoned by President Johnson as sort of a Christmas present in 1868 but Congress did not remove all remaining civil disabilities until thirty years later and only restored Davis’s citizenship more than a century later, In the South, not only had an age perished, but a civilization had collapsed, in both its economic and its social structure (Old South had forever gone with the wind), Charleston and Richmond were rubble-strewn and weed-chocked, Economic life had creaked to a half; banks and business houses had locked their doors, ruined by runaway inflation; factories were smokeless, silent, dismantled, The transportation system had broken down completely; agriculture—the economic lifeblood of the South—was almost hopelessly crippled, The cotton fields now yielded a lush harvest of nothing, the slave-labor system had collapsed, seed was scarce, and livestock had been driven off by plundering Yankees, Beaten but unbent, many high-spirited white Southerners remained dangerously defiant; they cursed the “damnyankees” and spoke of “your government” in Washington; conscious of no crime, these former Confederates continued to believe that their view of secession was correct and that the “lost cause” was still a just war (provided problems), Confusion abounded in the South about the precise meaning of “freedom” for blacks, Emancipation took effect haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy; as Union armies marched in and out of various localities, many blacks found themselves emancipated and then re-enslaved (process of freedom slow), The variety of responses to emancipation, by whites as well as blacks, illustrated the sometimes startling complexity of the master-slave relationship, Loyalty to masters prompted some slaves to resist the liberating Union armies, while other slaves’ pent-up bitterness burst forth violently on the day of liberation; many newly emancipated slaves joined Union troops in pillaging their master’s possessions, Prodded by Yankee armies of occupation, all masters were eventually forced to recognize their slaves’ permanent freedom; though some blacks initially responded to news of their emancipation with suspicion and uncertainty, they soon celebrated, Many freed slaves took new names; though many whites perceived such behavior as insubordinate, they were forced to recognize the realities of emancipation, Tens of thousands of emancipated blacks took to the roads, some to test their freedom, others to search for long-lost spouses, parents, and children, Emancipation thus strengthened the black family, and many newly freed men and women formalized “Slave marriages” for personal and pragmatic reasons, including the desire to make their children legal heirs to plots of land they now owned, Other blacks left former masters to work in towns and cities, where existing black communities provided protection and mutual assistance (whole communities moved), The westward flood of these “Exodusters” was stemmed only when steamboat captains refused to transport more black migrants across the Mississippi River, The church became focus of black community life in the years following emancipation, As slaves, blacks had worshiped alongside whites, but now they formed their own churches pastured by their own ministers (Baptist, Methodist Episcopal Church), These churches formed the bedrock of black community life, and they soon gave rise to other benevolent, fraternal and mutual aid societies (protected newly won freedom), Emancipation also meant education for many blacks; learning to read and write had been a privilege generally denied to them under slavery; freedmen wasted no time establishing societies for self-improvement, which undertook to raise funds to purchase land, build schoolhouses, and hire teachers (Southern blacks found out that demand stripped supply), They accepted the aid of Northern white women sent by the American Missionary Association, who volunteered their services as teachers (federal government for help), Abolitionists had long preached that slavery was a degrading institution; now the emancipators were faced with the brutal reality that the freedmen were overwhelmingly unskilled, unlettered, without property or money, and with scant knowledge, To cope with the problem throughout the conquered South, Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau on March 3, 1865 (intended to be a primitive welfare agency), It was to provide food, clothing, medical care, and education both to freedmen and to white refugees; heading the bureau was a warmly sympathetic friend of the blacks, Union general Oliver O. Howard (founded and president of Howard University), The bureau helped education the most; it taught 200,00 blacks how to read—many former slaves had a passion for learning, partly because they wanted to close the gap between themselves and whites and partly because they longed to read the Word of God, But in other areas, the bureau’s accomplishments were meager—or even mischievous, Although the bureau was authorized to settled former slaves on forty-acre tracts confiscated from the Confederates, little land actually made it into blacks’ hands, Instead local administrators often collaborated with planters in expelling blacks from towns and cajoling them into signing labor contracts to work for their former masters, Still the white South resented the bureau as a meddlesome federal interloper that threatened to upset white racial dominance (it eventually expired in 1872), Few presidents have faced with a more perplexing sea of troubles than that confronting Andrew Johnson; no citizen has ever reached the White House from humbler beginnings, Born to impoverished parents in North Carolina and early orphaned, Johnson never attended school but was apprenticed at age ten to a tailor in North Carolina—like many self0made man, he was inclined to over-praise his maker, John became active in politics in Tennessee, where he had moved to and shone as an impassioned champion of the poor whites against the planter aristocrats, Elected to Congress, he attracted much favorable attention in the North but no the South when he refused to secede with his won state (appointed war governor of TN), Political exigency next thrust Johnson into the vice presidency; Lincoln’s Union party in 1864 needed to attract the support from the War Democrats and other pro-Southern elements, and Johnson, a Democrat, seemed to be the ideal man (typhoid fever//whiskey), Johnson was a man of parts; he was intelligent, able, forceful, and gifted with honesty; he was also steadfastly devoted to duty and to the people, he was a dogmatic champion of states’ rights and the Constitution (he often presented a copy of the document to visitors), Yet the man was a misfit; a Southerner who did not understand the North, a Tennessean who had earned the distrust of the South, a Democrat who had never been accepted by the Republicans, a president who had never been elected to the office, he was not at home, Hotheaded, contentious, and stubborn, he was the wrong man in the wrong place at the wrong time; a reconstruction policy devised by angels may have failed in his hands, Even before the shooting war had ended, the political war over Reconstruction had begun, Abraham Lincoln believed that the Southern states had never legally withdrawn from the Union; their formal restoration to the Union would therefore be relatively simple, Accordingly, Lincoln in 1863 proclaimed his “10 percent” Reconstruction plan; it decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10 percent of its voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance to the United States and pledged to abide by emancipation (formal erection of state government), Lincoln’s proclamation provoked a sharp reaction in Congress; Republicans feared the restoration of the planter aristocracy to power and the possible re-enslavement of blacks, Republicans there rammed through Congress in 1864 the Wade-Davis Bill which required that 50 percent of a state’s voters take the oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln’s as the price of readmission, Lincoln “pocket-vetoed” this bill by refusing to sign it after Congress had adjourned; Republicans were outraged and refused Louisiana (who had followed Lincoln’s 10%), Controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis bill had revealed deep differences between the president and Congress; unlike Lincoln, many in Congress insisted that the seceders had indeed left the Union and had therefore forfeited all their rights (“committed suicide”), They could be readmitted only as “conquered provinces” (Congress decreed conditions), This episode further revealed differences among the Republican party, Two factions were emerging; the majority moderate group tended to agree with Lincoln that the seceded states should be restored to the Union as simply and swiftly as reasonable—though on Congress’s terms, not the president’s, Minority radical group believed that the South should atone more painfully for sins, Before the South should be resorted the radicals wanted its social structure uprooted, the planters punished and the newly emancipated blacks protected by federal power, Some of the radicals were secretly pleased when the assassin’s bullet felled Lincoln, for the martyred president had shown tenderness toward the South; spiteful “Andy” Johnson, who shared their hatred for the planter aristocrats, would presumably also share their desire to reconstruct the South with a rod of iron (radical groups of Republicans), Johnson disillusioned them; he agreed with Lincoln that the seceded states had never legally been outside the Union; thus he recognized several of Lincoln’s 10 percent governments and on May 29, 1865, issues his own Reconstruction proclamation, It disenfranchised certain leading Confederates, including those with taxable property worth more than $20,000 though they might petition him for personal pardons, It called for special state conventions (required to repeal the ordinances of secession, repudiate all Confederate debts, and ratify the slave-freeing 13, States that complied with these conditions would be swiftly readmitted to the Union, Johnson, savoring his dominance over the high-toned aristocrats who now begged his favor, granted pardons in abundance (bolstered by political resurrection of the planter elite, the recently rebellious states moved rapidly in 1865 to organize governments, Among the first acts of the new Southern regimes sanctioned by Johnson was the passage of the iron-toothed Black Codes (these laws were designed to regulate the affairs of the emancipated blacks, much as the slave statues had done in pre-Civil War days, Mississippi passed the first such law in November 1865, and other southern states soon followed suit; the Blacks cods carried in severity from state to state (MI > GA), The Black Codes aimed, first of all, to ensure a stable and subservient labor force; the crushed Cotton Kingdom could not rise until the fields were once again put under hoe and plow—and many whites wanted to make sure that they retained tight control, Dire penalties were therefore imposed by the codes on blacks who “jumped” their labor contracts, which usually committed them to work for one year (pittance wages), Violators could be made to forfeit back wages or could be forcibly dragged back to work by paid “Negro-catchers” (captured freedmen could be fined and then hired out), The codes also sought to restore as nearly as possible the pre-emancipation system of race relations; freedom was legally recognized, as were some other privileges, such as the right to marry; all codes forbade a black so serve on a jury, some even barred blacks from renting or leasing land and nowhere were blacks allowed to vote, These oppressive laws mocked the ideal of freedom, so recently purchased by buckets of blood; the Black Codes imposed terrible burdens on unfettered blacks, struggling against mistreatment and poverty to make their way as free people (economic dependence), Lacking capital, and with little to offer but their labor, thousands of impoverished former slaves slipped into the status of sharecropper farmers, as did many landless whites, Luckless sharecroppers gradually sank into a morass of virtual peonage and remained there for generations; countless blacks as well as poorer whites in effect became slaves to the soil and to creditors (some thought it conceded too much to freedom), Black Codes made an ugly impression in the North (Had the North won the war? 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